In Chapter 11 it talks about the sections of a speech, which is set up very similar to that of an essay with and introduction, body and a conclusion. It gives the speech depth as well as parameters to follow to ensure you stick to all of the talking points and help your listeners truly understand the points you are trying to make. This chapter also highlights the importance of making the main point a single idea, and then creating bullets underneath that with critical information needed to ensure that point is understood. Being able to separate the main ideas of your speech, and being able to have underlying information that works with it but doesn’t take over the main idea is important. You want to have clear points with enough background that they can be understood but not completely clouded by the excess information. Both of these points feel really important because they highlight what is important in speeches, and what details your should be focusing on critically. In Chapter 12 it talks about the need for organization within a speech, and how much more effective the speech is when it is concise and organized by thoughts. There are different types to arrange and organize a speech, and finding a pattern that fits best with the way you carry out speeches is important. Being able to create a foundational outline for your speech, and finding ways to ensure that your topic makes sense is crucial. The storytelling behind the speech becomes more fluid when you set it up in an easy to comprehend way.
In chapter 11 it introduces us to ironically the intro part of a speech, the body of a speech and the conclusion. Not just how important they all are but why we need them in any aspect of speaking or even writing. An outline expresses the key ideas of your speech and in this chapter it showed us different examples and elements of writing a good outline that can make your speech stronger than you’ve ever imagined just by expanding your basic concepts to give more depth and structure to them. Placement of ideas are also important because the better speeches and pieces of work are always better because they are spoken and organized which I never knew was so important but the unity, coherence and balance ensures the listener is understanding your claim and what you’re trying to explain. In chapter 12 they talk about how creating a pattern in organizing a speech creates natural flow. As many people know the chronological pattern of arrangements is what follows events by the time they happen. You know during your speech when it’s time for a ordered- sequence of main points. Giving a tour throughout your speech grasps the audience. You also can’t forget about cause and effect, which would be the casual pattern that makes points across when representing a topic that includes a discussion of cause- effect. The quick tip that stood out for me was the blend organizational pattern where you want to blend everything in together making sure it still makes sense. Having any conflict can result you into using problem solving patterns. All together it is important that you can see when and how to use these techniques you learn when reading this book can truly make you learn important skills that you can then use in everyday life when feeling less nervous when having to give a speech whether it’s as small as in class or even bigger than that. Some patterns are not used very commonly just because people don’t know how too.
Chapter 11 is all about how properly and efficiently organize the information and content on paper before giving the speech. This is crucial to keep clarity for your thoughts, by doing this will allow you to give a speech that feels very throughout rather than jumbled. The proper way to set up a speech is like any other form of writing. There are brief introductions that allow you to give a review and a brief rundown of your main points. When giving that brief review of the main points leave the most important point for last. This introduction and the entire speech should be formatted in bullet points or numbered lists. That allows thoughts to be individualized rather than mushed together. Each main point shouldn’t be written like a paragraph there should be sub-bullets or letters below. While going from topic to topic transition words are vital, it allows the audience to know when exactly a topic is being discussed and when not. Overall the importance of chapter 11 can make speech giving a lot easier, format changes everything. When thoughts on paper are clear and concise it can engage the audience more and keep your mind less distracted.
Chapter 12 also talks about organization strategies, chapter 11 chapter 12 talks about patterns and ways information can be relayed within a speech. In writing a speech it is important to place information properly, when information isn’t placed properly it not only confuses you but also the audience too. There are six types of organization; chronological pattern, spatial pattern, casual pattern, problem-solution pattern, topical pattern, and narrative pattern. Each of these has a precise reasoning on why it would be effective for a piece of writing. The book gives examples of each pattern and the appropriate use of them. Before you start writing the speech it’s very important to find the best pattern based on your topic, these patterns are like footprints for your speech. This footprint turns into an outline which then turns into a precise speech. The usage of these patterns is very important, they can shape, make, and break the speeches clarity. After doing this everything just flows better and is smooth sailing rather than it being choppy.
Chapter eleven made some great points about building an outline for a speech and discussed their significance in sound detail. In terms of the overall structure of a speech, I am in full agreement with the authors on what they say is the best way to go about it. The idea of a beginning, middle, and end with main points built in properly and with their respective subpoints organized effectively allows for the creation of great speeches. The structure that was just mentioned has been studied and proven to work towards the goal of audience engagement. It provides enough detail to keep the listener intrigued in its entirety and smooth transitions to keep that interest up. It would be incredibly challenging to attempt a speech without this kind of structure and still get the desired outcome of the audience remembering what was said.
I think the most important part of a speech becomes the conclusion once the speaker has gone through the speech fully. There is always a high chance that people will forget the information previously presented to them, so it is vital to return to it again at the end of the speech for a second round of clarification.
The twelfth chapter was a little less interesting than I would have hoped for. Sure, it was building off of the last chapter’s content and introducing new ideas, but I simply found it a little boring. However, I did appreciate reading it because it will be a little reminder in the future about structuring speeches and other things contextually.
The outline arrangements that most interested me were the chronological pattern and the problem-solution pattern. I feel that most of the speeches that I have delivered in my schooling have fallen under the chronological category, whether it was a timeline of a disease over millennia or an explanation of how I have grown as a person, they seem to fit neatly under that umbrella. So, I guess the majority of my experience lies in that field. The reason that the problem-solution arrangement stood out to me is because that is the type of speech that I would be most interested in listening to. Problem solving is a desire and skill of mine, so hearing someone do that in a speech could be enjoyable and even thought-provoking.
In chapter 11 it discussed how one could set up main points in relation to the whole speech, the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. I found it very similar to how one would approach writing an essay, however when I write an essay there is usually less stress on having a limit to the amount of main ideas one can have. I have always been cautious and a bit unaware of how many subpoints and supporting pieces each main idea has to have but when the book used the example of a table being the main point and the subpoints being the legs it helped to paint a clear picture of what is needed. I also found the part earlier in the chapter where it talked about being assertive, or declarative, when constructing sentences for your main points. The slight difference in having power to your words can make an outline or essay far more convincing, confidence itself is a form of credibility.
Chapter 12 started off by explaining the types of speeches that would be covered, a few of which I was unaware of as forms of speeches. All of the speech forms were well exemplified in the chapter and I found it most interesting to have speech forms that are based on time and/or space. I often use cause and effect outline forms since a lot of my presentations and speeches have had to do with the cause of some new ocean policy or impact which then has an effect and possible solution. However, I would like to use a spatial pattern speech form more since I like the idea of almost painting a picture in my speech of some place. I also feel as though spatial pattern forms of outlines is a persuasive speech form for environmental related issues since it can put the audience into the environment which you want them to be thinking about. If I had a speech to give on the melting ice caps, verbally bring the audience to the warming poled would be a resourceful and powerful way to get my point across.
After reading chapter 11, the emphasis on introduction, conclusions, and transitional words really grabbed my attention. Introductions are important because it is what is going to draw the attention of your listeners. In order to keep everyone engaged, you need a good thesis. The thesis stands as the purpose of your speech and is very crucial. During my first speech, I definitely could have used a better hook to describe my communication style. Instead, I was very basic, so next speech I can work on that. To move on to conclusions, this chapter showed me the importance of having closure within your speech. Figuring out a conclusion for a speech is something I struggle with. I want to work on finding suitable words that can close out what I am trying to say instead of ending the speech abruptly. The last topic that caught my eye was using transitional words within your speech. Transitions provide flow and make speeches easier to follow. These three things make public speaking more professional! Chapter 12 provided me with the knowledge of selecting an organizational pattern. This is significant because organizational patterns help the audience follow what you are trying to say. For the message of your speech to be conveyed, the audience needs to comprehend what you are trying to say, and organization plays a huge role in this. There are six organizational patterns I learned about in this chapter: chronological, spatial, causal (cause-effect), topical, narrative, and problem-solution. I think I would benefit most with a narrative pattern. I think story telling comes easy for me, and it would also be easy to talk chronologically from start to end. There is a bit of creativity within this method as well that would add excitement to your speech. Both of these chapters helped me to understand the organizational side of speeches as well as how to convey a speech that an audience can understand.
Chapter 11:
Chapter 11 was mainly focused on organization. How to organize the body of the speech, and how to correctly use supporting points. It also touched on how to use transitions correctly and make it so your speech is coherent and has a balance. The part I found most interesting was the idea to use transitions to give direction to the speech. You can use transitions between speech points, moving from one point to the next. You can also use internal previews and summaries as transitions. I find this interesting and important because you can use an internal preview to draw the audience in with a glimpse of what you’ll discuss next. In my impromptu speech, I mentioned I wanted to work on new ways to bring an audience in and engage them and this is definitely a way I can experience with.
Chapter 12:
Chapter 12 was mainly focused on selecting an organizing pattern that works for you. It touched upon different ways to arrange a speech, whether it’s chronologically, using a spatial pattern, or using a casual cause-and-effect pattern. There are many ways to organize a speech. You could also arrange your points by problem solution, topically, and more. The part that I found most interesting, although I tend to do chronological order, I found the problem solving part especially intriguing. I think it’s a good idea as you organize the main points to demonstrate the nature of a problem followed by a solution. It often works in persuasive speeches but you can use it anytime. Propose the problem, offer a way to overcome it, then go into the nature of the problem and its effects of it, and then back to your solution. I like this pattern as I think it would be engaging for the audience and would help with the order of your points, and everyone would know exactly what you are arguing. So, I may have to try this way of arranging my speech this semester.
One thing that I looked at in chapter 11 was the point about coordination and subordination. Basically meaning that you have to make sure your points and sentences are all aligned. Ways to do that are assigning equal weight to ideas that are coordinates and less weight to ideas that are subordinate. Every point must be at least two points or none at all. These are just things that I have never really considered before. I also liked the points about internal preview and internal summary. They say to draw the audience in with the preview and you keep them hooked with summary by drawing all your ideas together. Chapter 12 focuses on the ways of arranging speech points in different patterns: the patterns are chronological, spatial, casual, problem-solution, topically and narrative. Reading about the difference between these was interesting because I never knew there were so many different ways to organize a speech. This chapter starts by saying that out of all the aspects of speechmaking, the idea of organizational arrangements may seem the hardest, which makes sense because sometimes organizing all your ideas down on paper and vocalizing them is difficult. Speeches also make use of at least a dozen different organizational arrangements which is pretty cool.
Chapter 11 lays the foundation for a speech with introduction, body and conclusion to help organize it. It talks about having main focus points that you want to hit/ talk about while having background information to further the main idea. You go from what you are trying to convey to a thesis then to your main ideas with bullet points of supporting points and so on. You want to hit your main ideas and some of your background info to help the audience understand what you are trying to convey in a clear and organized way. Transitions are very important to help a speech flow from one idea to another. That leads into chapter 12, keeping things organized with a pattern of speech. There are six types of pattern organization: chronological, spatial, cause and effect, problem solution, topical, and narrative. Each pattern works for different speeches so it’s best to pick one before you start writing. Picking the best pattern can help make the speech concise and easy to understand without overwhelming the audience and yourself. Chronological, problem solution, and cause and effect are the most used because they are easy to follow. Chronological pattern is usually used in history, cause-effect and narrative in English and problem solution in everyday speech on improving environments, life, etc. Topical patterns are used less I think because students usually don’t need to make persuasive speeches but that can be used in everyday life as well. Overall picking the best pattern, having an organized speech with main points and supporting points to make a concise and captivating speech.
Chapter 11 is about organizing the body of the speech by using main points, supporting points and transitions for a good flow. It emphasizes how the body is the longest portion of the speech and how the introduction and conclusion tie it together. By using an outline, the speech will have organization through coordinate and subordinate points. Something that I found important was that a successful speech should have between 2 and 5 main points. Also, there must be at least two supporting points. This is crucial because it is easy to lose the attention of the audience when there are too many main points. By simplifying the outline, it will lead to more audience engagement. I liked the metaphor used when comparing the main point to a tabletop and the supporting points as table legs. Without the two supporting points, the main point cannot be supported. I also found that transitions are a very important part of a speech. They overall help it flow from one point to another. Chapter 12 is about the 5 organizational speech patterns. The chronological pattern of arrangement describe a series of events in time. The causal pattern is used when describing cause and effect relationships. I found that the outline example given was very useful. It showed two different ways a causal pattern could be discussed. Sometimes there can be multiple causes for one effect, or a single cause for multiple effects. The problem solution pattern is used to explain a problem with a proposed solution. This pattern is used in persuasive speeches. The example given was about cyberbullying, and it needed several main points to explain the problem thoroughly and propose a solution. In all of the speech patterns from this chapter, I thought that the example outlines were very helpful to understand how they would be set up. By learning about these patterns, I could apply them to my real life and use them in the future.
Chapter 11 discusses the structure of a speech, but mainly focuses on the body. Organization of both your major and minor points is important for keeping your audience engaged. When I read this in the chapter, I was able to connect it to speech one. I felt as I was listening to others speak, I had a difficult time staying focused if they had more than a few major points or extensive minor points, whereas the shorter speeches that had fewer, more direct points, I had no issues staying connected with the speaker. Later the chapter emphasizes transitions. I found this to be very helpful especially because it helps connect your points in a speech. It can create a flow that will allow an audience to easily follow your speech.
Chapter 12 touches on organization of speeches. I found this chapter to be useful because I don’t think that I would have ever considered there to be different structure styles for speeches. I did have to read over some of the sections a few times because it was confusing and at times difficult to read. But after looking over it and trying to truly understand the different parts, I found the information very useful. The book touches on 6 different ways to organize a speech, they include chronological, spatial, casual, problem solving, topical and narrative. Your organization pattern changes based on the topic your discussing, how you want to approach the topic and you audience as well. The way that you organize you speech effects the way the audience will understand you points so it is important to make sure you select the best fitting organization pattern for you speech.
Chapter 11: The big takeaway from chapter 11 was about the organization of the speech. I think the most helpful part about this chapter was that you need to restrict every main point to a single idea. In my first speech I had multiple ideas under one main point and I think it would be very useful to have that split up so it is easier to follow. It also will help me to get my main points across without missing any or forgetting any. Another big takeaway from this chapter is to use transitions as well. Transitions make the speech way smoother and it will sound better overall. Organizing your speech is really important and being able to keep main points to single ideas and also including transitions will make a huge difference when speaking to an audience.
Chapter 12: Chapter 12 is about arranging your speech. It talks about different ways to arrange it using different patterns. I did not realize that there were different patterns you can use to arrange a speech but that was really interesting to me. Different patterns depend on different topics. I also really liked that they included examples of each pattern and how to set it up because that will be really useful in the future when we have to write more speeches. Six different patterns and they all can be used for different topics. I hope to learn a little bit more about the different patterns and when we should specifically use them, but overall that was really cool and helpful to read.
Chapter 11 talks about breaking up speech. Speech is like an essay you would right with a beginning, middle and end with smooth transitions. I relate the way you present your essay like you would with a slideshow. Having your main bullet points and explaining them but not over expressing them as well. The text says to be assertive with your points with a sentence or two. Not over highlighting them but having them make an appearance. Keeping the group entertained with organized pieces of material making sure to keep them engaged with the coordination of your writing/presenting. The text talks about equal weight which is something I hadn’t thought about before. Weight in your speech is important because if you’re talking about the wildlife you don’t want to talk about endangered elephants for the whole speech and then talk about gorillas for 30 seconds. Keeping your topics equal or close to equal will make them sound more coordinated and professional. Another important point is that your speech should sound fluent. Making your sentences sound flowy is also important. This is also important for speaking to someone on your everyday life. speaking fluently can make people think of you as smarter even if you are not.
Chapters 11 & 12
A speech is similar to a travel guide, the introduction will tell the listeners where they are going, the body will take them there, and the conclusion will let them know when the journey has ended. It is organized through its unity, coherence, and balance. Unity is presented through the relationship between the thesis, main points, supporting points, evidence, and examples. Coherence is the ability to organize the speech with points that are aligned in order of importance and through the utilization of pattern arrangement. Balance is the relevance of main points that support the thesis. It is important that the number of main points is limited, yet relative to the topic, as an audience can only truly grasp between two and seven main points. The emphasis should be made on the beginning, “primacy effect”, and ending, “recency effect”, points of the speech. In order to effectively move from one supporting point to another, for the coherence and balance of the speech, clear transition words and phrases should be used. This allows the audience to draw the connection between points and distinctively acknowledge when one main point has concluded and the next is about to begin.
There are five commonly used organizational patterns for all forms of speeches and one used for persuasive speeches. The chronological pattern of arrangement will follow a sequential order of the main points; this can be used to explain the events leading up to an operation. The spatial pattern of arrangement is used to describe the physical arrangement of a place, scene, or an object; this can be used on a campus tour. The causal pattern of arrangement is representing a cause and effect relationship; this can be used to explain why the recruiting rate of the military is at an all time low. The problem-solving pattern of arrangement will demonstrate the significance of a problem followed by a solution; this can be used for persuading how to increase the low recruiting rates. The topical pattern of arrangement with each main point as a subtopic of a speech; this is used when all points are of equal importance. Lastly, the narrative pattern of arrangement consists of a story or series of short stories, with characters, a conflict, and a resolution.
In chapter 11 it talks about the way to organize a speech. Organization is important as it will help with the flow of your speech. The layout of a speech is similar to that of an essay it has an introduction, the body, and a conclusion. Just like in an essay, the body of your speech should be the longest part while your introduction and conclusion are brief and similar in length. In a speech you want to use main points for the most important ideas of the speech, but you don’t want to have too many main points, so your audience doesn’t lose interest. Each main point should have at least two supporting points. Another important topic this chapter mentions is transitions. Transitions are used between points to help you switch from one main point to the next. Having each of these things in a speech will help with the balance and flow of your speech.
In chapter 12 it goes into more detail about organization of a speech. Your points can be put together using an organizational pattern. There are six commonly used patterns: chronological, spatial, casual, topical, narrative, and problem-solution. Chronological follows the order of your main points. Spatial is used when your main points have direction, and you are giving your audience a “tour.” A casual pattern gets your points across in the form of cause-effect. When you are giving an informative speech a topical pattern would work great because your main points are considered the subtopic of your speech topic. A narrative pattern is exactly what it says, it tells a story. It has conflict and resolution just like any normal story. Something to remember when using a narrative pattern be sure to have a clear thesis. The final pattern is a problem-solution pattern, which is mostly used in persuasive speeches. In this pattern you organize the main points by defining what the problem is with one point and talking about a way to overcome that problem as the second point. These are just six patterns that were mentioned in chapter 12, there are many other ways to organize the main and supporting points of a speech.
In chapter 11 it focuses on how to construct an outline/ how to write your speech down. It talked about how you should bullet point your main ideas or major claims so you can look down and know what you need to talk about. After that it was said to add sub ideas after your main points to add on what is in the speech and to make it full. What stood out to me was it kind of described writing a speech as an essay but simplified. Like adding transition words to move on to the next topic.
In chapter 12 it was talked more about in chapter 11 but added on to the point where once you make an opening statement you need to back your statement up with facts. Which I thought was a good idea. There were different speech patterns of arrangement that also were put into. Like chronological pattern, spatial pattern, causal pattern, problem-solution pattern, topical pattern, and narrative pattern. When reading more into each pattern I noticed that all had a different approach to the speech/ different speech addressing.
Chapter 11 introduces how to properly organize and compose a speech like someone would for an essay. The beginning of the chapter goes over how a speech is like an essay in terms of needing an introduction, body paragraph(s), and a conclusion. Structure is important for a speech to help keep the audience focused and engaged. Without smooth transitions, cohesive thoughts, and fluidity throughout the speech the audience is more likely to veer away from the person and drift off. One thing that resonated with me was the idea of the essay structure relating to a table. The main point is the tabletop, and the supporting points are the legs. Without at least two legs the table would not stand. I related to this because most of the time I branch off my main idea without the use and support of other points related to the idea.
Chapter 12 touches on the topic of patterns and how an effective use of a certain pattern for a speech can greatly improve the message being conveyed. This chapter includes the six different types of patterns: chronological, spatial, casual, problem-solving, topical, and narrative. Each one of these patterns, when used correctly, influences a speech to create natural flow. Therefore, being able to determine which pattern fits a speech is important. If the wrong pattern is used the speech can sound broken and unorganized.
Chapter eleven and twelve go over very relating subjects, both pertaining to the organization of your speech. The main difference being which part. As the first chapter, eleven, discusses the importance of, and tips for, organizing the body of your speech. One of the things mentioned that sticks out to me is that the main body of your speech is where you should spend most of your time while speaking, and you need to moderate your timing and flow to reflect that. Another big thing that resonated with me was the idea that main points should be mutually exclusive of each other and have enough supporting subpoints to validate them. There was also an abundance of some other important discussions about how to organize main, sub, and sub-sub, etc.-points in an outline. As well as how to form cohesive orderly main points and properly transition thoughts in a speech, giving textual examples of proper transitions.
The second chapter we read, twelve, was also about organization, but here the focus is on the overall organizational style/or pattern of your speech. Basically, going over the main seven organizational styles, when you would ideally use them, and contextual examples. One of the things that stick out to me in this short chapter is the vast number of organizational styles available for managing speech points. It certainly reinforces the need for regular practice speaking socially in any context to be experienced and ready for any situation. Styles can be mixed and spliced, or completely reformulated. It all just depends on the parameters of the situation. So although this chapter may be one of the shortest we have read yet, it certainly contains a lot of valuable content that should be remember and reviewed when needed. As well as further explored.
In chapter 11 a big topic discussed was how to organize your speech and how it can be built. Along with his what you will talk about while giving your speech. We see that the way you build a speech should reflect while you give it. The topics should back another and help you lead from one segment to another. Taking multiple ideas and making them all connect into one grand scheme of an idea that takes all topics and allows you to be able to touch on them all. Taking all of this information and trying to stay on track as well. We all have been at a point where we have more to say but we’ve been talking for a while and feel like we’ve been rambling.
My big takeaway from Chapter 11 is to be specific in my main points and restrict the number of main points that I have. This is helpful to me, as I tend to be pretty scatterbrained in my writing, whether it be an essay or a speech, I always tend to write down too many ideas and not complete a thought before I move on. By reading these points in the chapter, I was able to recognize how to choose a main point and decide the most important and specific ideas for each point. I also like the outline format that they used in the chapter, where you start large with a main point, then narrow down to a thesis statement, and finally end with some specific supporting ideas for the main point. Overall, Chapter 11 gave me some specificity regarding organization which I can definitely use, as I tend to be disorganized sometimes in my outlines.
My big takeaway from Chapter 12 is that my favorite form of organization is the causal type. I believe that cause and effect is what I tend to lean towards in a lot of my papers or projects, so theoretically it probably makes its way into my speeches as well. I would also say that problem-solution-problem is an organizational style that I use as well. It makes sense that both of these types tend to be used in persuasive speeches as I am a very persuasive thinker/speaker. Whenever I write an essay, whether or not it is supposed to be, it usually ends up with a persuasive tone; which oftentimes is not the intended goal. I think after reading this chapter I have learned that it is better to branch out and try different organizational styles. I think I am going to try and use a narrative organizational style with the spatial pattern in the future.
20 thoughts on “JORUNAL # 4”
In Chapter 11 it talks about the sections of a speech, which is set up very similar to that of an essay with and introduction, body and a conclusion. It gives the speech depth as well as parameters to follow to ensure you stick to all of the talking points and help your listeners truly understand the points you are trying to make. This chapter also highlights the importance of making the main point a single idea, and then creating bullets underneath that with critical information needed to ensure that point is understood. Being able to separate the main ideas of your speech, and being able to have underlying information that works with it but doesn’t take over the main idea is important. You want to have clear points with enough background that they can be understood but not completely clouded by the excess information. Both of these points feel really important because they highlight what is important in speeches, and what details your should be focusing on critically. In Chapter 12 it talks about the need for organization within a speech, and how much more effective the speech is when it is concise and organized by thoughts. There are different types to arrange and organize a speech, and finding a pattern that fits best with the way you carry out speeches is important. Being able to create a foundational outline for your speech, and finding ways to ensure that your topic makes sense is crucial. The storytelling behind the speech becomes more fluid when you set it up in an easy to comprehend way.
In chapter 11 it introduces us to ironically the intro part of a speech, the body of a speech and the conclusion. Not just how important they all are but why we need them in any aspect of speaking or even writing. An outline expresses the key ideas of your speech and in this chapter it showed us different examples and elements of writing a good outline that can make your speech stronger than you’ve ever imagined just by expanding your basic concepts to give more depth and structure to them. Placement of ideas are also important because the better speeches and pieces of work are always better because they are spoken and organized which I never knew was so important but the unity, coherence and balance ensures the listener is understanding your claim and what you’re trying to explain. In chapter 12 they talk about how creating a pattern in organizing a speech creates natural flow. As many people know the chronological pattern of arrangements is what follows events by the time they happen. You know during your speech when it’s time for a ordered- sequence of main points. Giving a tour throughout your speech grasps the audience. You also can’t forget about cause and effect, which would be the casual pattern that makes points across when representing a topic that includes a discussion of cause- effect. The quick tip that stood out for me was the blend organizational pattern where you want to blend everything in together making sure it still makes sense. Having any conflict can result you into using problem solving patterns. All together it is important that you can see when and how to use these techniques you learn when reading this book can truly make you learn important skills that you can then use in everyday life when feeling less nervous when having to give a speech whether it’s as small as in class or even bigger than that. Some patterns are not used very commonly just because people don’t know how too.
Sydney Pickering
Public Speaking
SPC 100-A
2/5/23
Chapter 11 is all about how properly and efficiently organize the information and content on paper before giving the speech. This is crucial to keep clarity for your thoughts, by doing this will allow you to give a speech that feels very throughout rather than jumbled. The proper way to set up a speech is like any other form of writing. There are brief introductions that allow you to give a review and a brief rundown of your main points. When giving that brief review of the main points leave the most important point for last. This introduction and the entire speech should be formatted in bullet points or numbered lists. That allows thoughts to be individualized rather than mushed together. Each main point shouldn’t be written like a paragraph there should be sub-bullets or letters below. While going from topic to topic transition words are vital, it allows the audience to know when exactly a topic is being discussed and when not. Overall the importance of chapter 11 can make speech giving a lot easier, format changes everything. When thoughts on paper are clear and concise it can engage the audience more and keep your mind less distracted.
Chapter 12 also talks about organization strategies, chapter 11 chapter 12 talks about patterns and ways information can be relayed within a speech. In writing a speech it is important to place information properly, when information isn’t placed properly it not only confuses you but also the audience too. There are six types of organization; chronological pattern, spatial pattern, casual pattern, problem-solution pattern, topical pattern, and narrative pattern. Each of these has a precise reasoning on why it would be effective for a piece of writing. The book gives examples of each pattern and the appropriate use of them. Before you start writing the speech it’s very important to find the best pattern based on your topic, these patterns are like footprints for your speech. This footprint turns into an outline which then turns into a precise speech. The usage of these patterns is very important, they can shape, make, and break the speeches clarity. After doing this everything just flows better and is smooth sailing rather than it being choppy.
Chapter eleven made some great points about building an outline for a speech and discussed their significance in sound detail. In terms of the overall structure of a speech, I am in full agreement with the authors on what they say is the best way to go about it. The idea of a beginning, middle, and end with main points built in properly and with their respective subpoints organized effectively allows for the creation of great speeches. The structure that was just mentioned has been studied and proven to work towards the goal of audience engagement. It provides enough detail to keep the listener intrigued in its entirety and smooth transitions to keep that interest up. It would be incredibly challenging to attempt a speech without this kind of structure and still get the desired outcome of the audience remembering what was said.
I think the most important part of a speech becomes the conclusion once the speaker has gone through the speech fully. There is always a high chance that people will forget the information previously presented to them, so it is vital to return to it again at the end of the speech for a second round of clarification.
The twelfth chapter was a little less interesting than I would have hoped for. Sure, it was building off of the last chapter’s content and introducing new ideas, but I simply found it a little boring. However, I did appreciate reading it because it will be a little reminder in the future about structuring speeches and other things contextually.
The outline arrangements that most interested me were the chronological pattern and the problem-solution pattern. I feel that most of the speeches that I have delivered in my schooling have fallen under the chronological category, whether it was a timeline of a disease over millennia or an explanation of how I have grown as a person, they seem to fit neatly under that umbrella. So, I guess the majority of my experience lies in that field. The reason that the problem-solution arrangement stood out to me is because that is the type of speech that I would be most interested in listening to. Problem solving is a desire and skill of mine, so hearing someone do that in a speech could be enjoyable and even thought-provoking.
In chapter 11 it discussed how one could set up main points in relation to the whole speech, the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. I found it very similar to how one would approach writing an essay, however when I write an essay there is usually less stress on having a limit to the amount of main ideas one can have. I have always been cautious and a bit unaware of how many subpoints and supporting pieces each main idea has to have but when the book used the example of a table being the main point and the subpoints being the legs it helped to paint a clear picture of what is needed. I also found the part earlier in the chapter where it talked about being assertive, or declarative, when constructing sentences for your main points. The slight difference in having power to your words can make an outline or essay far more convincing, confidence itself is a form of credibility.
Chapter 12 started off by explaining the types of speeches that would be covered, a few of which I was unaware of as forms of speeches. All of the speech forms were well exemplified in the chapter and I found it most interesting to have speech forms that are based on time and/or space. I often use cause and effect outline forms since a lot of my presentations and speeches have had to do with the cause of some new ocean policy or impact which then has an effect and possible solution. However, I would like to use a spatial pattern speech form more since I like the idea of almost painting a picture in my speech of some place. I also feel as though spatial pattern forms of outlines is a persuasive speech form for environmental related issues since it can put the audience into the environment which you want them to be thinking about. If I had a speech to give on the melting ice caps, verbally bring the audience to the warming poled would be a resourceful and powerful way to get my point across.
After reading chapter 11, the emphasis on introduction, conclusions, and transitional words really grabbed my attention. Introductions are important because it is what is going to draw the attention of your listeners. In order to keep everyone engaged, you need a good thesis. The thesis stands as the purpose of your speech and is very crucial. During my first speech, I definitely could have used a better hook to describe my communication style. Instead, I was very basic, so next speech I can work on that. To move on to conclusions, this chapter showed me the importance of having closure within your speech. Figuring out a conclusion for a speech is something I struggle with. I want to work on finding suitable words that can close out what I am trying to say instead of ending the speech abruptly. The last topic that caught my eye was using transitional words within your speech. Transitions provide flow and make speeches easier to follow. These three things make public speaking more professional! Chapter 12 provided me with the knowledge of selecting an organizational pattern. This is significant because organizational patterns help the audience follow what you are trying to say. For the message of your speech to be conveyed, the audience needs to comprehend what you are trying to say, and organization plays a huge role in this. There are six organizational patterns I learned about in this chapter: chronological, spatial, causal (cause-effect), topical, narrative, and problem-solution. I think I would benefit most with a narrative pattern. I think story telling comes easy for me, and it would also be easy to talk chronologically from start to end. There is a bit of creativity within this method as well that would add excitement to your speech. Both of these chapters helped me to understand the organizational side of speeches as well as how to convey a speech that an audience can understand.
Chapter 11:
Chapter 11 was mainly focused on organization. How to organize the body of the speech, and how to correctly use supporting points. It also touched on how to use transitions correctly and make it so your speech is coherent and has a balance. The part I found most interesting was the idea to use transitions to give direction to the speech. You can use transitions between speech points, moving from one point to the next. You can also use internal previews and summaries as transitions. I find this interesting and important because you can use an internal preview to draw the audience in with a glimpse of what you’ll discuss next. In my impromptu speech, I mentioned I wanted to work on new ways to bring an audience in and engage them and this is definitely a way I can experience with.
Chapter 12:
Chapter 12 was mainly focused on selecting an organizing pattern that works for you. It touched upon different ways to arrange a speech, whether it’s chronologically, using a spatial pattern, or using a casual cause-and-effect pattern. There are many ways to organize a speech. You could also arrange your points by problem solution, topically, and more. The part that I found most interesting, although I tend to do chronological order, I found the problem solving part especially intriguing. I think it’s a good idea as you organize the main points to demonstrate the nature of a problem followed by a solution. It often works in persuasive speeches but you can use it anytime. Propose the problem, offer a way to overcome it, then go into the nature of the problem and its effects of it, and then back to your solution. I like this pattern as I think it would be engaging for the audience and would help with the order of your points, and everyone would know exactly what you are arguing. So, I may have to try this way of arranging my speech this semester.
One thing that I looked at in chapter 11 was the point about coordination and subordination. Basically meaning that you have to make sure your points and sentences are all aligned. Ways to do that are assigning equal weight to ideas that are coordinates and less weight to ideas that are subordinate. Every point must be at least two points or none at all. These are just things that I have never really considered before. I also liked the points about internal preview and internal summary. They say to draw the audience in with the preview and you keep them hooked with summary by drawing all your ideas together. Chapter 12 focuses on the ways of arranging speech points in different patterns: the patterns are chronological, spatial, casual, problem-solution, topically and narrative. Reading about the difference between these was interesting because I never knew there were so many different ways to organize a speech. This chapter starts by saying that out of all the aspects of speechmaking, the idea of organizational arrangements may seem the hardest, which makes sense because sometimes organizing all your ideas down on paper and vocalizing them is difficult. Speeches also make use of at least a dozen different organizational arrangements which is pretty cool.
Chapter 11 lays the foundation for a speech with introduction, body and conclusion to help organize it. It talks about having main focus points that you want to hit/ talk about while having background information to further the main idea. You go from what you are trying to convey to a thesis then to your main ideas with bullet points of supporting points and so on. You want to hit your main ideas and some of your background info to help the audience understand what you are trying to convey in a clear and organized way. Transitions are very important to help a speech flow from one idea to another. That leads into chapter 12, keeping things organized with a pattern of speech. There are six types of pattern organization: chronological, spatial, cause and effect, problem solution, topical, and narrative. Each pattern works for different speeches so it’s best to pick one before you start writing. Picking the best pattern can help make the speech concise and easy to understand without overwhelming the audience and yourself. Chronological, problem solution, and cause and effect are the most used because they are easy to follow. Chronological pattern is usually used in history, cause-effect and narrative in English and problem solution in everyday speech on improving environments, life, etc. Topical patterns are used less I think because students usually don’t need to make persuasive speeches but that can be used in everyday life as well. Overall picking the best pattern, having an organized speech with main points and supporting points to make a concise and captivating speech.
Chapter 11 is about organizing the body of the speech by using main points, supporting points and transitions for a good flow. It emphasizes how the body is the longest portion of the speech and how the introduction and conclusion tie it together. By using an outline, the speech will have organization through coordinate and subordinate points. Something that I found important was that a successful speech should have between 2 and 5 main points. Also, there must be at least two supporting points. This is crucial because it is easy to lose the attention of the audience when there are too many main points. By simplifying the outline, it will lead to more audience engagement. I liked the metaphor used when comparing the main point to a tabletop and the supporting points as table legs. Without the two supporting points, the main point cannot be supported. I also found that transitions are a very important part of a speech. They overall help it flow from one point to another. Chapter 12 is about the 5 organizational speech patterns. The chronological pattern of arrangement describe a series of events in time. The causal pattern is used when describing cause and effect relationships. I found that the outline example given was very useful. It showed two different ways a causal pattern could be discussed. Sometimes there can be multiple causes for one effect, or a single cause for multiple effects. The problem solution pattern is used to explain a problem with a proposed solution. This pattern is used in persuasive speeches. The example given was about cyberbullying, and it needed several main points to explain the problem thoroughly and propose a solution. In all of the speech patterns from this chapter, I thought that the example outlines were very helpful to understand how they would be set up. By learning about these patterns, I could apply them to my real life and use them in the future.
Chapter 11 discusses the structure of a speech, but mainly focuses on the body. Organization of both your major and minor points is important for keeping your audience engaged. When I read this in the chapter, I was able to connect it to speech one. I felt as I was listening to others speak, I had a difficult time staying focused if they had more than a few major points or extensive minor points, whereas the shorter speeches that had fewer, more direct points, I had no issues staying connected with the speaker. Later the chapter emphasizes transitions. I found this to be very helpful especially because it helps connect your points in a speech. It can create a flow that will allow an audience to easily follow your speech.
Chapter 12 touches on organization of speeches. I found this chapter to be useful because I don’t think that I would have ever considered there to be different structure styles for speeches. I did have to read over some of the sections a few times because it was confusing and at times difficult to read. But after looking over it and trying to truly understand the different parts, I found the information very useful. The book touches on 6 different ways to organize a speech, they include chronological, spatial, casual, problem solving, topical and narrative. Your organization pattern changes based on the topic your discussing, how you want to approach the topic and you audience as well. The way that you organize you speech effects the way the audience will understand you points so it is important to make sure you select the best fitting organization pattern for you speech.
Chapter 11: The big takeaway from chapter 11 was about the organization of the speech. I think the most helpful part about this chapter was that you need to restrict every main point to a single idea. In my first speech I had multiple ideas under one main point and I think it would be very useful to have that split up so it is easier to follow. It also will help me to get my main points across without missing any or forgetting any. Another big takeaway from this chapter is to use transitions as well. Transitions make the speech way smoother and it will sound better overall. Organizing your speech is really important and being able to keep main points to single ideas and also including transitions will make a huge difference when speaking to an audience.
Chapter 12: Chapter 12 is about arranging your speech. It talks about different ways to arrange it using different patterns. I did not realize that there were different patterns you can use to arrange a speech but that was really interesting to me. Different patterns depend on different topics. I also really liked that they included examples of each pattern and how to set it up because that will be really useful in the future when we have to write more speeches. Six different patterns and they all can be used for different topics. I hope to learn a little bit more about the different patterns and when we should specifically use them, but overall that was really cool and helpful to read.
Chapter 11 talks about breaking up speech. Speech is like an essay you would right with a beginning, middle and end with smooth transitions. I relate the way you present your essay like you would with a slideshow. Having your main bullet points and explaining them but not over expressing them as well. The text says to be assertive with your points with a sentence or two. Not over highlighting them but having them make an appearance. Keeping the group entertained with organized pieces of material making sure to keep them engaged with the coordination of your writing/presenting. The text talks about equal weight which is something I hadn’t thought about before. Weight in your speech is important because if you’re talking about the wildlife you don’t want to talk about endangered elephants for the whole speech and then talk about gorillas for 30 seconds. Keeping your topics equal or close to equal will make them sound more coordinated and professional. Another important point is that your speech should sound fluent. Making your sentences sound flowy is also important. This is also important for speaking to someone on your everyday life. speaking fluently can make people think of you as smarter even if you are not.
Chapters 11 & 12
A speech is similar to a travel guide, the introduction will tell the listeners where they are going, the body will take them there, and the conclusion will let them know when the journey has ended. It is organized through its unity, coherence, and balance. Unity is presented through the relationship between the thesis, main points, supporting points, evidence, and examples. Coherence is the ability to organize the speech with points that are aligned in order of importance and through the utilization of pattern arrangement. Balance is the relevance of main points that support the thesis. It is important that the number of main points is limited, yet relative to the topic, as an audience can only truly grasp between two and seven main points. The emphasis should be made on the beginning, “primacy effect”, and ending, “recency effect”, points of the speech. In order to effectively move from one supporting point to another, for the coherence and balance of the speech, clear transition words and phrases should be used. This allows the audience to draw the connection between points and distinctively acknowledge when one main point has concluded and the next is about to begin.
There are five commonly used organizational patterns for all forms of speeches and one used for persuasive speeches. The chronological pattern of arrangement will follow a sequential order of the main points; this can be used to explain the events leading up to an operation. The spatial pattern of arrangement is used to describe the physical arrangement of a place, scene, or an object; this can be used on a campus tour. The causal pattern of arrangement is representing a cause and effect relationship; this can be used to explain why the recruiting rate of the military is at an all time low. The problem-solving pattern of arrangement will demonstrate the significance of a problem followed by a solution; this can be used for persuading how to increase the low recruiting rates. The topical pattern of arrangement with each main point as a subtopic of a speech; this is used when all points are of equal importance. Lastly, the narrative pattern of arrangement consists of a story or series of short stories, with characters, a conflict, and a resolution.
In chapter 11 it talks about the way to organize a speech. Organization is important as it will help with the flow of your speech. The layout of a speech is similar to that of an essay it has an introduction, the body, and a conclusion. Just like in an essay, the body of your speech should be the longest part while your introduction and conclusion are brief and similar in length. In a speech you want to use main points for the most important ideas of the speech, but you don’t want to have too many main points, so your audience doesn’t lose interest. Each main point should have at least two supporting points. Another important topic this chapter mentions is transitions. Transitions are used between points to help you switch from one main point to the next. Having each of these things in a speech will help with the balance and flow of your speech.
In chapter 12 it goes into more detail about organization of a speech. Your points can be put together using an organizational pattern. There are six commonly used patterns: chronological, spatial, casual, topical, narrative, and problem-solution. Chronological follows the order of your main points. Spatial is used when your main points have direction, and you are giving your audience a “tour.” A casual pattern gets your points across in the form of cause-effect. When you are giving an informative speech a topical pattern would work great because your main points are considered the subtopic of your speech topic. A narrative pattern is exactly what it says, it tells a story. It has conflict and resolution just like any normal story. Something to remember when using a narrative pattern be sure to have a clear thesis. The final pattern is a problem-solution pattern, which is mostly used in persuasive speeches. In this pattern you organize the main points by defining what the problem is with one point and talking about a way to overcome that problem as the second point. These are just six patterns that were mentioned in chapter 12, there are many other ways to organize the main and supporting points of a speech.
In chapter 11 it focuses on how to construct an outline/ how to write your speech down. It talked about how you should bullet point your main ideas or major claims so you can look down and know what you need to talk about. After that it was said to add sub ideas after your main points to add on what is in the speech and to make it full. What stood out to me was it kind of described writing a speech as an essay but simplified. Like adding transition words to move on to the next topic.
In chapter 12 it was talked more about in chapter 11 but added on to the point where once you make an opening statement you need to back your statement up with facts. Which I thought was a good idea. There were different speech patterns of arrangement that also were put into. Like chronological pattern, spatial pattern, causal pattern, problem-solution pattern, topical pattern, and narrative pattern. When reading more into each pattern I noticed that all had a different approach to the speech/ different speech addressing.
Chapter 11 introduces how to properly organize and compose a speech like someone would for an essay. The beginning of the chapter goes over how a speech is like an essay in terms of needing an introduction, body paragraph(s), and a conclusion. Structure is important for a speech to help keep the audience focused and engaged. Without smooth transitions, cohesive thoughts, and fluidity throughout the speech the audience is more likely to veer away from the person and drift off. One thing that resonated with me was the idea of the essay structure relating to a table. The main point is the tabletop, and the supporting points are the legs. Without at least two legs the table would not stand. I related to this because most of the time I branch off my main idea without the use and support of other points related to the idea.
Chapter 12 touches on the topic of patterns and how an effective use of a certain pattern for a speech can greatly improve the message being conveyed. This chapter includes the six different types of patterns: chronological, spatial, casual, problem-solving, topical, and narrative. Each one of these patterns, when used correctly, influences a speech to create natural flow. Therefore, being able to determine which pattern fits a speech is important. If the wrong pattern is used the speech can sound broken and unorganized.
Chapter eleven and twelve go over very relating subjects, both pertaining to the organization of your speech. The main difference being which part. As the first chapter, eleven, discusses the importance of, and tips for, organizing the body of your speech. One of the things mentioned that sticks out to me is that the main body of your speech is where you should spend most of your time while speaking, and you need to moderate your timing and flow to reflect that. Another big thing that resonated with me was the idea that main points should be mutually exclusive of each other and have enough supporting subpoints to validate them. There was also an abundance of some other important discussions about how to organize main, sub, and sub-sub, etc.-points in an outline. As well as how to form cohesive orderly main points and properly transition thoughts in a speech, giving textual examples of proper transitions.
The second chapter we read, twelve, was also about organization, but here the focus is on the overall organizational style/or pattern of your speech. Basically, going over the main seven organizational styles, when you would ideally use them, and contextual examples. One of the things that stick out to me in this short chapter is the vast number of organizational styles available for managing speech points. It certainly reinforces the need for regular practice speaking socially in any context to be experienced and ready for any situation. Styles can be mixed and spliced, or completely reformulated. It all just depends on the parameters of the situation. So although this chapter may be one of the shortest we have read yet, it certainly contains a lot of valuable content that should be remember and reviewed when needed. As well as further explored.
In chapter 11 a big topic discussed was how to organize your speech and how it can be built. Along with his what you will talk about while giving your speech. We see that the way you build a speech should reflect while you give it. The topics should back another and help you lead from one segment to another. Taking multiple ideas and making them all connect into one grand scheme of an idea that takes all topics and allows you to be able to touch on them all. Taking all of this information and trying to stay on track as well. We all have been at a point where we have more to say but we’ve been talking for a while and feel like we’ve been rambling.
My big takeaway from Chapter 11 is to be specific in my main points and restrict the number of main points that I have. This is helpful to me, as I tend to be pretty scatterbrained in my writing, whether it be an essay or a speech, I always tend to write down too many ideas and not complete a thought before I move on. By reading these points in the chapter, I was able to recognize how to choose a main point and decide the most important and specific ideas for each point. I also like the outline format that they used in the chapter, where you start large with a main point, then narrow down to a thesis statement, and finally end with some specific supporting ideas for the main point. Overall, Chapter 11 gave me some specificity regarding organization which I can definitely use, as I tend to be disorganized sometimes in my outlines.
My big takeaway from Chapter 12 is that my favorite form of organization is the causal type. I believe that cause and effect is what I tend to lean towards in a lot of my papers or projects, so theoretically it probably makes its way into my speeches as well. I would also say that problem-solution-problem is an organizational style that I use as well. It makes sense that both of these types tend to be used in persuasive speeches as I am a very persuasive thinker/speaker. Whenever I write an essay, whether or not it is supposed to be, it usually ends up with a persuasive tone; which oftentimes is not the intended goal. I think after reading this chapter I have learned that it is better to branch out and try different organizational styles. I think I am going to try and use a narrative organizational style with the spatial pattern in the future.